Fracture Healing

Human fractures usually reach bone healing within about 3 months while some patients can't reach healing due to various factors. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy is a non-invasive treatment method for stimulating osteogenesis (bone growth). Currently the use of shockwave therapy for treating fractures, especially the ones with delayed union or nonunion, has been accepted by clinicians. Osteopromotive growth factors have a key role in enhancing bone formation at different stages of the fracture process. 

Lv F, et al, (2023) 14:1188297, Frontiers in Endocrinology (Lausanne), 

The effects and underlying mechanism of extracorporeal shockwave therapy on fracture healing 

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10246855/pdf/fendo-14-1188297.pdf